Volunteers Simulate 45-Day Journey to the Red Planet

NASA HERA (Human Exploration Research Analog) Crew Members
NASA’s HERA (Human Exploration Research Analog) crew members enjoy their first glimpse of the outside after a 45-day stay inside the analog environment. From left to right: Sergii Iakymov, Sarah Elizabeth McCandless, Erin Anderson, and Brandon Kent. Credit: NASA/Bill Stafford

Volunteers just completed a 45-day Mars simulation at Johnson Space Center, testing human responses to deep space conditions like confinement and communication delays.

This HERA mission simulated various astronaut tasks, with insights used to prepare for real Moon and Mars missions. The crew interacted with students before concluding their journey, as NASA seeks more participants for future simulations.

Simulated Mars Mission Concludes

An all-volunteer crew on a simulated trip to Mars “returned” to Earth on September 23, 2024, after being isolated in a tiny habitat at Johnson Space Center in Houston. Their work is contributing to the science that will propel humanity to the Moon and eventually Mars.

The HERA missions provide valuable scientific insights into how humans may respond to the confinement, demanding work-life conditions, and remote environments that astronauts may encounter on deep space missions. These insights help NASA prepare for humanity’s next giant leap to the Moon and Mars.

NASA HERA Crew Members Wave Goodbye
The HERA crew members wave goodbye to friends, family, and support staff before entering the analog environment on August 9, 2024. Credit: NASA/James Blair

Launching the Simulation

Campaign 7 Mission 3 started when HERA operations lead Ted Babic rang the bell outside the habitat 10 times, a ceremonial send-off wishing the crew a safe and successful simulated mission to Mars. Seven rings honored the campaign, and three more signaled the mission—continuing a long-standing tradition.

At ingress, Anderson, a structural engineer at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Virginia, told HERA’s mission control, “We’re going to take good care of this ship of yours on our journey.”

NASA HERA Crew Members Inside Analog Environment
HERA crew members inside the analog environment at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. From left: Sarah Elizabeth McCandless, Brandon Kent, Erin Anderson, and Sergii Iakymov. Credit: NASA/Bill Stafford

Life on a 45-Day Journey

The HERA crew members participated in 18 human health and performance studies, seven of which were led by scientists from outside the United States. These international studies are in collaboration with the United Arab Emirates’ Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre and the European Space Agency (ESA).

McCandless Holds Skeletal Framework of Mars Rover
McCandless holds a skeletal framework of a Mars rover. She is wearing augmented reality glasses that allow her to project various scientific hardware as holograms. The final product will be a Mars rover that she ‘built’ herself. Credit: NASA

Throughout the simulation, the crew performed a variety of tasks. They harvested plants from a hydroponic garden, grew shrimp, deployed a small cube satellite to simulate data gathering, conducted a virtual reality “walk” on the surface of Mars, and flew simulated drones on the Martian terrain. These activities are designed to immerse the crew in the task-focused mindset of astronauts. NASA scientists then monitor HERA crew to assess how routine tasks, along with isolation and confinement, impact behavior and performance.

NASA HERA Virtual Reality EVA
Kent and Anderson, seen through an airlock window separating rooms inside HERA, conduct a virtual reality EVA on the Mars surface.  Credit: NASA

Adapting to Martian Realities

As their mission progressed, the team experienced longer communication delays with mission control, eventually reaching five-minute lags. This simulates the challenges astronauts might face on Mars, where delays could be up to 20 minutes. Scientists studying HERA crew are interested to see how this particular group builds independent, autonomous workflows, despite this communication delay.

McCandless Analyzes Geological Samples
McCandless analyzes geological samples inside HERA’s glove box. Throughout the HERA mission, samples are “collected” on Mars during mock extravehicular activities. Credit: NASA/James Blair

All crew members brought books to accompany them on their journey to the Red Planet, while Kent left behind letters for his two daughters to open each day.

McCandless also brought letters from loved ones, along with LEGOs, her favorite card game, and a vintage iPod.

Iakymov, an aerospace engineer with more than 15 years of experience in research and design, is carrying postcards and photos of family and friends.

Anderson Holds Her Coffee Cup
Anderson holds her coffee cup as she climbs the ladder connecting the first and second floors inside HERA. Credit: NASA

Anderson, who describes herself as a massive space nerd, brought extra socks and “The Never Ending Story,” a book she has cherished throughout her life.

The crew all shared appreciation for being part of a mission that contributes to the aspirations of future human space exploration travel.

Kent Examines Petri Dish
Kent examines a petri dish for storing swabs of microbes. He and fellow crew members swab surfaces around HERA, then wait a few days to examine any microbes that grow in the dishes. Credit: NASA

Returning to Earth

As the mission neared its end, McCandless and Anderson participated in a Groundlink—a live session connecting them with middle school students in a classroom in Coconut Grove, Florida, and in Olathe, Kansas. Groundlinks provide a unique opportunity for students to engage directly with crew members and learn about the realities of long-duration missions.

Iakymov Examines Water Quality and Temperature
Iakymov examines water quality and temperature in a tank that holds a few triops shrimp that he and his crewmates raised. Credit: NASA

The students asked the crew about life inside the habitat, the challenges of isolation, and what it might be like to live on Mars. They were also curious about the crew’s favorite foods and activities. McCandless shared her love for cheddar crisps and freeze-dried Pad Thai and proudly showed off favorite sports teams from her home state of Kansas, much to the cheers of the crowd. Anderson displayed the massive collection of comics and fantasy books that she read inside the habitat.

McCandless and Anderson Work Out on HERA’s Second Floor
McCandless and Anderson work out on HERA’s second floor. They are holding power blocks, dumbbells equipped with weights that can adjust to a maximum of 35 pounds. The blocks take up less space than a set of regular dumbbells, helping to save space in the tiny habitat. Credit: NASA

Conclusion and Future Participation

In the late afternoon of September 23, 2024, the crew egressed from HERA, marking the end of their 45-day simulated mission to Mars. After stepping out of the habitat, the crew expressed gratitude for the opportunity and reflected on the mission’s significance.

“Following our safe passage to Mars, and our safe return to Earth, as the crew of Campaign 7, Mission 3, we hereby officially transfer this exploration vessel to the flight analogs operations team,” said Kent. “We hope this vessel continues to serve as a safe home for future HERA crews.”

NASA HERA Crew Members Holds Lettuce
The crew holds up varieties of lettuce grown in hydroponic units inside HERA. Credit: NASA

Want to Participate in HERA?

NASA is actively seeking healthy, non-smoking volunteers, aged 30 to 55, for future HERA missions. Volunteers, who will be compensated for their participation, must pass a physical and psychological assessment to qualify.

For those inspired to take part in this groundbreaking research, opportunities to join future HERA missions await:

https://analogstudies.jsc.nasa.gov