Social drinking refers to the consumption of alcohol in a social setting, such as at parties, gatherings, or bars, with the purpose of socializing and having a good time. It is a common cultural practice in many societies and is often seen as a way to bond with others, relieve stress, and celebrate special occasions.
Men in East Asia who can tolerate alcohol well do not see a financial advantage over their colleagues who cannot.
In East Asia, social drinking after work is considered a crucial aspect of building professional relationships. Failing to participate in these gatherings is often perceived as a disadvantage in terms of career advancement. However, recent research conducted in Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea, which analyzed the drinking habits and financial status of employed men, has revealed that a higher tolerance for alcohol does not necessarily equate to a better financial situation compared to those who drink less or are unable to drink.
With nearly half of the population in East Asia having some form of alcohol intolerance, and the increasing popularity of the sober-conscious lifestyle, this finding may be welcomed by those who prefer not to drink as a means of advancing their careers.
Have you ever felt pressured to join an after-work drinking party, even if you’re more inclined to have some tea than get tipsy? In East Asia, drinking with your colleagues is traditionally seen as an almost essential part of the working culture. Drinking parties are used to build trust, get closer to your boss or subordinates, and discuss topics more candidly than in the workplace. However, a joint study between researchers in Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea appears to show that those who drink more don’t necessarily reap extra financial benefits at work, compared to those who drink less.
“We found no justification for drinking for the purpose of improving labor market outcomes,” said Professor Daiji Kawaguchi, an economist from the Graduate School of Public Policy at the University of Tokyo. “Despite the widespread perception that drinking is important for business communication in East Asia, we did not find evidence supporting the idea. Health research has already found that there is no benefit of heavy alcohol consumption in terms of improving health outcomes, so I think this is important knowledge for when a person decides to drink or not.”
The team surveyed working men aged 25 to 59 years old with a list of 45 questions, including ones on health, drinking habits, finances, and weekly working hours. Respondents also self-checked their alcohol tolerance using a simple stick-on alcohol patch test. In total, about 3,500 men from across the three regions participated. The researchers were particularly interested in Asian men not only because of the work-related drinking culture, but also because of alcohol flush, or “Asian flush,” syndrome (AFS), which causes people’s faces to turn red while they also quickly experience headaches, sickness, and other symptoms due to a genetic inability to digest alcohol.
“We wanted to find out if a wage premium existed for those with a higher alcohol tolerance,” explained Kawaguchi. “Although our results showed that alcohol-tolerant men do drink more often and more each time than alcohol-intolerant men, there was no significant difference across the three populations in terms of working hours or earnings between them.” About 52% of the respondents in Japan and Taiwan and about 60% in South Korea were alcohol intolerant, which the researchers say is in line with figures reported in medical literature.
A limitation of the study was that the South Korean sample size was smaller (around 500 people, compared to 1,000 from Taiwan and 2,000 from Japan), restricted to the capital city of Seoul, and included a disproportionate number of college-educated respondents (92%) compared to the national educational average. “We would like to do a similar analysis again,” said Kawaguchi, “but next time with a much larger data set and in collaboration with other specialists, to look in more detail at genome bank data and alcohol digestive ability in combination with socioeconomic outcomes.”
With a general trend in young people from high-income countries towards drinking less — which in 2022 led Japan’s National Tax Agency to even encourage the country’s youth to drink more (due to declining tax revenues) — this result will hopefully come as good news that you don’t have to get drinking to get ahead. “I enjoy social drinking despite my intolerance to alcohol,” Kawaguchi said. “However, no one should be pressured to drink.”
Reference: “Is Asian flushing syndrome a disadvantage in the labor market?” by Daiji Kawaguchi, Jungmin Lee, Ming-Jen Lin and Izumi Yokoyama, 23 April 2023, Health Economics.
DOI: 10.1002/hec.4675
The study was funded by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea, and the National Research Foundation of Korea