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Concussions are a type of brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body that can shake the brain inside the skull. They are a common type of injury in contact sports such as football, soccer, and hockey, as well as in activities such as cycling, skateboarding, and horseback riding. Symptoms of a concussion can include headache, dizziness, confusion, sensitivity to light and noise, and memory problems.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open suggests that resting from school after a concussion may not always be the best approach, contrary to popular belief. The study shows that returning to school early is linked to a lower burden of symptoms and faster recovery after a concussion.
“As a pediatric emergency physician who treats hundreds of youths with new and persistent concussion symptoms, I see far too many kids who are told to avoid school until they are symptom-free which can cause more harm and delay the recovery process. The results of this study provide strong evidence that an early return to school is associated with better outcomes,” said Dr. Roger Zemek, Senior Scientist at the CHEO Research Institute, and Professor and Clinical Research Chair in Pediatric Concussion at the University of Ottawa and senior author on the study.
The findings stem from the largest prospective pediatric concussion cohort study with over 3,000 youth aged 5 to 18 in nine pediatric emergency departments in Canada within the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) network and was led by Dr. Zemek as the Principal Investigator at the CHEO Research Institute.
In this sub-study, the investigators examined 1,600 youth and compared those 1,600 youth who returned to school early (less than two days) versus later while accounting for factors that may influence the timing of the decision to return to school (including symptom burden, prior concussions, etc.).
The authors discovered that an early return to school within two days was associated with better recovery at two weeks following the concussion in youth aged 8 to 18 years old, and the related benefit was in fact greatest in the youth who were most symptomatic.
“This study shows that children should make every effort to return to school even if they are still experiencing symptoms as it will help with their recovery process. Clinicians can confidently inform families that although missing a couple of days of school is normal, an extended absence can be more harmful. With good symptom management strategies, school support with accommodations, getting back to school as soon as possible is best,” said Dr. Zemek, who co-leads the Living Guideline for Pediatric Concussion, which provides healthcare professionals diagnosing and managing children and youth with concussions with up-to-date evidence-based clinical recommendations and tools.
The study findings suggest that there could be a mechanism of therapeutic benefit to the early return to school. This could be due to:
- Early socialization (avoiding effects of isolation);
- Reduced stress from not missing too much school;
- Maintaining or returning to a normal sleep/wake schedule;
- Returning to safe light-to-moderate physical activity sooner (also consistent with previous research led by the CHEO Research Institute).
Given the multitude of other factors that can be expected to influence when a child returns to school after a concussion – including injury severity, specific symptoms, and pre-injury factors – a large sample size and complex statistical analytic approach was required. Future clinical trials and research can help determine how each individual can achieve their own optimal timing for return to school after a concussion.
Reference: “Association Between Early Return to School Following Acute Concussion and Symptom Burden at 2 Weeks Postinjury” by Christopher G. Vaughan, PsyD, Andrée-Anne Ledoux, Ph.D., Maegan D. Sady, Ph.D., Ken Tang, Ph.D., Keith Owen Yeates, Ph.D., Gurinder Sangha, MD, Martin H. Osmond, MD, Stephen B. Freedman, MD, Jocelyn Gravel, MD, Isabelle Gagnon, MD, William Craig, MD, Emma Burns, MD, Kathy Boutis, MD, Darcy Beer, MD, Gerard Gioia, Ph.D. and Roger Zemek, MD for the PERC 5P Concussion Team, 20 January 2023, JAMA Network Open.
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.51839
The study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
