Unlock the Editor’s Digest for free
Roula Khalaf, Editor of the FT, selects her favourite stories in this weekly newsletter.
Israelis on Monday marked the first anniversary of Hamas’s deadly October 7 attack, which ignited a devastating war in Gaza that has spiralled into a multi-front conflict and threatens to destabilise the entire region.
In the year since, the fighting has spread across the Middle East, with Israeli forces exchanging fire with militants in Yemen, Syria and Iraq, launching a ferocious bombing campaign and ground offensive in Lebanon and on the verge of a broader conflict with Iran.
Ceremonies in southern Israel began at 6.29am, the same time that Hamas launched its surprise attack last year. Israeli President Isaac Herzog laid a wreath at the site of the Nova music festival in Re’im, one of the centres of the militant group’s onslaught.
Two minutes into the ceremony, Hamas fired four rockets at Israel from Gaza. The rockets were intercepted but sent participants at the vigil in Kfar Aza, one of the kibbutzim attacked by Hamas last year, into shelters.
Other vigils and events are due to be held throughout the country on Monday.
Hamas’s October 7 attack was the deadliest day for Jews since the Holocaust, with its militants killing 1,200 people, according to Israeli officials, and taking a further 250 people hostage.
More than 100 people are still being held in Gaza, although Israeli officials have said that not all are believed to be alive.
In response, Israel launched a massive assault on Gaza, which has killed almost 42,000 people, according to Palestinian officials, displaced most of its 2.3mn inhabitants and fuelled a humanitarian catastrophe in the enclave.
Israel has ratcheted up its operations in the enclave in recent days. On Sunday, it launched an offensive in the Jabalia neighbourhood of northern Gaza, marking a return to an area where its military has carried out several large operations throughout the war.
In recent weeks, Israel has increasingly focused its forces on its border with Lebanon, where it has been trading fire with Hizbollah since the militant group began launching rockets at Israel in support of Hamas last October.
Last week, Israel began a ground offensive against Hizbollah, following a devastating bombing campaign that has decimated the group’s chain of command — including killing its leader Hassan Nasrallah — left more than 1,000 people dead and displaced hundreds of thousands.
Overnight, Israeli forces bombed more targets in Beirut, following a round of strikes on Sunday that data from Acled, which has been mapping the attacks, suggested was the most intense night in Israel’s two-week air campaign.
Meanwhile, Israeli paramedics said they had treated 10 people for injuries and anxiety after rockets launched from Lebanon landed in Haifa and Tiberias on Sunday night.
The spiralling hostilities have also drawn in Iran, which last week launched 180 ballistic missiles at Israel in a barrage that it said was a response to Nasrallah’s assassination and the killing of Hamas’s political leader Ismail Haniyeh in Tehran in July.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has vowed retaliation for the barrage, and the country’s defence minister, Yoav Gallant, said on Sunday that the response would come “in the manner of our choosing, at the time and place of our choosing”.